Qualificação da ocorrência de desmatamento nos municípios prioritários do estado do Pará nos anos de 2019 e 2020 a partir de mapas de uso e cobertura do solo

Abstract

Behind the environmental crisis, there is a growing concern for the environment and how its resources are being exploited. Due to the high rates of deforestation in the Amazon, in 2004, the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAM) was created, which uses as one of its strategies the prioritization of municipalities for prevention, monitoring and control of deforestation. The list of priority municipalities (MP) for 2020 includes the participation of 52 municipalities, of which 19 are in the State of Pará. Aiming to contribute to improving the understanding of the dynamics of deforestation in the Amazon, in 2019 it was created for the MapBiomas Alerta Project, which aims to validate and refine deforestation alerts generated by monitoring systems, including the Real Time Deforestation Detection System in the Amazon (DETER) and the Deforestation Alert System (SAD), through images high spatial resolution. Despite the existing deforestation detection and monitoring systems, in the State of Pará there are no recent studies regarding the qualification of the type of land use responsible for the new deforested areas in the State. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out studies that investigate what caused deforestation in these regions, as with this data it would be possible to detect the predominant occupation and activity in each area, which could help decision-making governments to form a form. public policies specific to local and regional demands. The main objective of this work is to qualify and analyze the spatial distribution of the types of land use present in the deforested areas of the 19 MP in the State of Pará, during the years 2019 and 2020, based on deforestation alerts and use and coverage maps do soil provided by the MapBiomas initiative. To obtain the results obtained from an intersection of land use and land cover maps with deforestation alerts. In this study, as land use classes that intersect with deforestation alerts were: Pasture, Agriculture, Mining and Farming. From the results obtained, an increase of 22.9% in deforestation from the year 2019 to the year 2020 is observed, with Pasture being the class responsible for the largest portion of this deforestation (3,540.12 km2), followed by Agriculture (3,396 .79 km2) and Mining (41.66 km2). Agriculture was the least recurrent use class in the study area. The classes Pasture and Agriculture had occurrence registered in all 19 MP. Mining is concentrated in the municipalities of Itaituba, Cumaru do Norte, Jacareacanga and Marabá and areas destined to Agriculture were observed in almost all municipalities, except in Anapu and Senador José Porfírio.