Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos e aproveitamento para reciclagem: um estudo de caso no município de Capanema, Pará

Abstract

The management of urban solid waste (MSW) in Brazil, especially in municipalities in the north of the country, is marked by the inefficiency of selective collection, which contributes to a low rate of recycling of recyclable materials. This is coupled with the precarious working conditions of recyclable material workers. This is a reality in the municipality of Capanema, in the northeast of Pará, which still carries out the final disposal of its solid urban waste in landfills. Thus, this research aims to study the management of Capanema solid waste, describes the use of the recyclable fraction, proposing for this, actions that contribute to the improvement of management. To this end, a qualitative and quantitative research was carried out, with analysis of the Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIRS), as well as application of an interview with municipal bodies responsible for the management of MSW in the municipality and representative of the association of recyclable material collectors. . For the proposition of actions, the PMGIRS was taken into account, as well as a bibliographic review for theoretical foundation. In general, Capanema's MSW management does not meet the requirements of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), considering that there is no selective collection implemented, as well as the disposal continues to be carried out in garbage dumps, in addition to containing recyclable waste pickers working and living in the disposal area. As viable actions to improve the MSW management framework, it proposes the implementation of an Environmental Education (EE) program in schools in the municipality that works in a transversal, interdisciplinary, continuous and permanent way, from teacher education projects in EE, until the partnership with the existing ones in Capanema for the execution of projects through university extension and pedagogical residency. In addition, it is necessary to build a waste sorting center (CTR), so that the collectors have a suitable place for the segregation of waste. If the municipality does not have resources for the construction of the CTR, it is proposed to use the transfers of ICM Verde for the implementation of the project, as well as to promote the population of the population of Community Health Agents, during their home visits, so that facilitate the process of raising awareness about the need to separate waste into dry and wet residences so that the use of waste segregated in the CTR is the best possible. Thus, it is possible to affirm that it is necessary to update the PMGIRS of Capanema, as well as a joint effort to improve the management of MSW, with theoretical works such as these as a basis for future studies that make it possible to ascertain concrete possibilities for implementing the alternatives proposed here.