Diversidade de epífitas vasculares ocorrentes no campus Belém da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia.

Abstract

Epiphytes are plants that live on trees without causing damage to them. However, even if they do not absorb any nutrients from the forophyte (plant to which it is attached), they benefit from this relationship, because it is through this tree that the epiphyte has more access to luminosity, increasing its photosynthetic rate. They have a wide geographic distribution and are detected in almost all humid forests, presenting about 50% of all neotropical vascular flora. The objective of this work was to carry out a survey of the epiphytic flora in the Belém Campus of the Federal University of Amazonia. The applied methodology delimited an area 11 plots of (200x20m2), where all the forophytes that had epiphytes had their (DAP) Diameter at the height of the chest (1.30 m above the ground) and total height recorded. The epiphytes found were quantified in relation to their abundance and identified to the species level (when possible) with the help of researchers from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. The absolute and relative frequencies of the epiphytic species were calculated for the area as a whole, forophytes and forophyte height zones (zone I: shaft and zone II: canopy), in addition to having their (IVP) value of importance calculated. The distribution patterns (vertical) and (horizontal) were verified using the Morisita dispersion index (Id). Floristic diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H ') and Pielou equation (J). Bomeliaceae (67.14%) and Orchidaceae (22.35%) were the most abundant families. Tillandsia bulbosa (1002) and Aechmea sp. (477), respectively, were the most frequent species in the area. The highest frequencies were observed in Aechmea sp. (10.99%), Polystachya concrete (9.89%) in the plots. Tillandsia bulbosa was the most frequent species in both the stem (65.59%) and the crown (30.63%). Tillandsia bulbosa (48.11%) and Aechmea sp. (19.18%), respectively, were the species that presented the highest Index of Epiphytic Importance. The spatial (horizontal) distribution had an aggregate pattern (Id> 1). As for the vertical distribution pattern of the epiphyte species, 15 species were sampled in the stem and 16 in the canopy, Tillandsiasp. and Vriese aamazonica were only present in the cup. Rhipsalis sp. present only in the shaft. Diversity was considered low (H '= 0.83). Equability or Pielou index was (J = 0.29), may be considered low. The greatest species richness was from the Orchidaceae family and the most abundant Bromeliaceae. The epiphytes presented an aggregate horizontal distribution pattern. For vertical distribution, the crown showed a larger number of species. The species with the greatest abundance and frequency were Tillandsia bulbosa and Aechmea sp., Respectively. The diversity in the studied area was considered low.