A Fitorremediação e seus mecanismos em plantas submetidas à metais pesados: Uma Revisão de Literatura

Abstract

The global population increase resulted in the intensification of industrial production, generating negative consequences for the environment through pollution. Improper waste disposal allows toxic substances to enter the soil, affecting plants, animals and humans. Phytoremediation technology appears as an alternative to remedy the heavy metals present in the medium using plants that have the ability to remove them. Phytoremediation technology appears as an alternative to remedy the heavy metals present in the einviroment using plants that have the ability to remove them. In this context, an exploratory study was carried out through literature review, with the objective of gathering information on the theme of phytoremediation and its mechanisms, presenting concepts basics, advantages and limitations for the method, highlighting the physiological effects that heavy metals cause in plants. In soil, physical, chemical and biological properties make control over the form of bioavailability of heavy metals. In the plant, heavy metals can cause a wide range of physiological and metabolic changes, affecting photosynthesis and causing oxidative stress in cells. Strategies to avoid the accumulation of heavy metals are diverse, and may be intra or extracellular. The phytoremediation mechanisms can be divided as follows: phytoextraction, phytodegradation or phytotransformation, phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, phytostimulation or rhizodegradation and rhizofiltration, through this review all the particularities of the mechanisms and species with potential to remediate heavy metals are presented.