Análise espaço temporal da dinâmica do uso e cobertura do solo da Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA do Tapajós a partir de alertas de desmatamento dos anos de 2016 a 2020.

Abstract

Protected Areas are effective instruments to protect the integrity of ecosystems, biodiversity and associated environmental services, to ensure the right of permanence and culture of previously existing traditional populations and indigenous peoples (IMAZON, 2011). The Tapajós Environmental Protection Area (APA) was created with the purpose of protecting biological diversity, disciplining the occupation process and ensuring the sustainability of the use of natural resources (MATOS and SILVA, 2019). It is a conservation unit (UC) for sustainable use, managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), located entirely in the state of Pará. It is the largest Environmental Protection Area in Brazil with a total area of 2,059,496 hectares (ICMBio, 2022). At a time when the Amazon is experiencing the worst deforestation rate in the last 10 years, this specific look at protected areas is an important subsidy for public policies to be directed towards these territories (IMAZON, 2021). Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a space-time analysis of the Tapajós APA, the use and occupation of the land, from the deforestation alerts from the years 2016 to 2020, it is an analysis that proposes the evaluation of the predominant uses of the APA and the environmental impacts caused in it, which directly impacts the conservation and protection of the studied area. In order to obtain results, the collection 6 of MapBiomas was crossed with the deforestation alerts, using the Google Earth Engine Platform, which allows for several geospatial, cloud-based analyses, in addition, clippings were made with the study area and maps made in Qgis software. The results obtained allow us to identify an increase in deforestation in these five years, indicating a total of 191 km² of loss of primary vegetation in this APA. According to the DETER deforestation categories, about 60% of the deforested areas were registered as mining. The types of use that were found according to the classification with the MapBiomas data were conversion to agricultural activities with 150 km² and mining with approximately 40 km². The recognition and location of these areas are extremely important to outline objectives, legislation and strategies in order to stop deforestation and its impacts on protected areas. As a result, the supervision and application of rules and guidelines within the Tapajós APA must be established as soon as possible by the responsible management, reaffirming the sustainable use of the UC.