Mapeamento do uso do solo e métricas da paisagem na área de proteção ambiental Triunfo do Xingu - estado do Pará.

Abstract

The Amazon is a region that has attracted the world’s attention for several reasons, among them, because it contains great biodiversity, extensive hydrographic network, cultural diversity and the role it plays in regulating the climate as the most extensive tropical forest on the planet. Thus, the objective of this research was to perform a multitemporal analysis of land use and cover in the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area, using geoprocessing techniques and landscape metrics to evaluate the forest fragmentation process acting in the area. For execution of this work were developed scripts in the cloud platform Google Earth Engine, with application in analysis of land use and cover with the aid of the algorithm Random Forest in the Code Editor. For the mapping of land use and land cover, images of the Landsat-5/TM satellite were used for the years 2001, 2006, 2011 and Landsat-8/OLI for the years 2016 and 2021. In this work the classes were mapped: Forest, Secondary Forest, Pasture, Mining, Hydrography and Urban Area. The validation of the mappings occurs in two ways one for calculations of land use and cover through r. report of GRASS GIS, The calculation of the class areas was performed based on the classification of the raster file, which performs pixel counting, where all the intervals of the area in km2 and for comparison of the landscape dynamics were selected metrics of the class area in (km2), percentage (%), number of fragment (n) and average of the fragment area. However, the pasture class had the highest percentage growth in the last 11 years, with an increase of approximately 30%, this increase is to the detriment of both forest areas and secondary forest. In the analysis of characterization and spatial quantification of the landscape, performed from metrics, indicate increases in the number of fragments, from 1523 to 4234, from 2001 to 2006 and, between the years 2011 to 2016 the number of fragments rose from 5560 to 7056 in 2021 the advance of forest fragments grew to 13,833 fragments. With this, it can be concluded that the pasture is advancing on recent deforestation and yielding area to vegetation in a smaller proportion. It is noteworthy that the use of geoprocessing tools and geographic information systems becomes important for monitoring and controlling illegal deforestation by allowing data acquisition quickly and accurately, contributing with data for the development of public environmental policies to ensure the maintenance of ecosystems, primarily in the Amazon Forest, which is currently conditioned by a scenario of extreme conflicts of interest, actors, articulations and local and global conjunctures.