Levantamento quantitativo da arborização de três praças do bairro da Pedreira no município de Belém - PA, e seus componentes urbanos, assim como a percepção ambiental dos seus frequentadores

Abstract

Trees are fundamental components for urban landscaping, in order to act beneficially in reducing the environmental impacts caused by increasing urbanization, in this sense, squares as green areas become elements of balance between the interaction of man and nature, highlighting mainly social interactions, leisure and ecological benefits. The objective of this work was to carry out a quantitative survey of the tree species present through phytosociological indicators to evaluate the species present. A quantitative and qualitative survey of the equipment present in the squares was also carried out, in order to understand the main positive and negative points of the equipment present in the squares. The environmental perception of the visitors was also evaluated to identify the environmental benefits that the squares can provide. Data collection took place from January to March 2023. A census of the trees present was carried out, where they were cataloged in a database for better organization. In the survey, 88 trees, 19 palm trees and 2 shrubs distributed in 15 families and 26 species. The family with the most individuals was Bignoniaceae (38), Arecaceae (19) and Anacardiaceae with (14) individuals. The species with the highest frequency of individuals were Handroanthus spp. (33.94%), Syzygium jambos L. Alston (13.76%) and Mangifera Indica L. (12.84%). There was a predominance of Handroanthus spp in all phytosociological parameters, mainly caused by the higher IVI index. Among the squares, Eduardo Angelim showed an average diversity of species in the Shannon-Weaver index, a consequence of its high level of individuals. In the Pielou index, the highest standardization index was with Praça Julio Cesar. In terms of furniture, mainly benches, leisure and physical activity equipment were found. The highlight was the Eduardo Angelim square with more robust furniture, highlighted by the degree of importance that the square has among the analyzed aspects. The better qualitative aspect item was the sports court with 4.0 in Praça Eduardo Angelim, among the worst evaluations the precariousness of parking lighting, bus stop and cleaning stood out. In the research of environmental perception, the most common activities in the squares were reported, such as adult and children's leisure, sports and rest. It was also possible to identify in the interviews the main ecological functions provided by the squares, providing 45.83% with shade and 32.5% lessening the temperature, confirming the role that tree-lined squares can play in the balance between the city and nature.