Megacólon secundário a hipomotilidade intestinal devido lesão sacral: relato de caso.

Abstract

Pelvic fractures in felines represent an important portion of orthopedic disorders in this species (approximately 20%), and in cases where sacral injury occurs, the development of intestinal hypomotility is common and, secondarily, megacolon. Megacolon is characterized by the accumulation of feces causing disorder in the large intestine and increased luminal diameter. As there is a possibility that damage to the colonic tissue may be irreversible, this must be recommended and corrected as soon as possible. Clinical signs related to the series include anorexia, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting, weakness, lethargy and hair thinning. On abdominal palpation, colonic distention and fecal impaction are noted. The diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and complementary imaging tests. Thus, a feline, 4 years old, S.R.D, was attended at the Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira in Federal Rural University of the Amazon, in Belém-PA, with a history of pelvic fracture and pelvic osteosynthesis for correction 1 year ago, with a current decrease in involuntary evacuation, dehydration, anorexia and colonic distension and fecal impaction. Imaging and laboratory tests were performed and the imaging examination showed the presence of megacolon and urinary bladder calculus. Enterotomy was scheduled and performed to remove the fecal content, which had a soft consistency and intestinal hypomotility was confirmed during the procedure. The surgery was uneventful and for the post-surgical period, antibiotic therapy, pain control, anti-inflammatory drugs, laxatives, intestinal motility-stimulating antiemetics, supplementation were recommended, in addition to a continuous liquid and subsequently pasty diet. The early identification of the problem, together with the choice of the appropriate treatment, both directly interfere with the patient's prognosis. Most animals treated surgically have a favorable prognosis and a low rate of postoperative complications.