Produção e qualidade de carvão vegetal oriundo dos resíduos do manejo florestal sustentável.

Abstract

Among the various types of biomass, forest residues play a very important role both from the economic and environmental point of view, however they are very heterogeneous. The grouping of these residues shows potential for improvement in energy use and in the elements of wood conversion into charcoal, this due to the principle that wood quality is influenced by chemical factors such as the contents of volatile matters, ash and extractives, and by physical factors such as basic density. This study aimed to evaluate charcoal production from sustainable forest management residues for industrial and domestic purposes in the Amazon at species level and operational scale. The collection of material was carried out in the charcoal production unit (CPU) of Rio Capim farm in the city of Paragominas, where wood residues from 10 species with different densities were selected, sectioned in the form of 6 30 cm logs per species/residue. The 60 resulting samples were marked and placed in the center of 6 masonry ovens of the "hottail" type where they were carbonized. The values of basic density (0.5 - 0.9 g/cm³), energy density (11.9 - 21.7 GJ/m³), ash content (1.2 - 7.0 %), among others, showed wide variation among the 10 species. The species Caryocar villosum and Dinizia excelsa showed the highest gravimetric charcoal yields of 43% and 41.3%, respectively, besides low values of specific consumption 3.8 and 3.5%. desirable characteristics for charcoal production units. The study revealed species effect on the technological properties of the residual wood, assisting in the qualification of wood residues for energy production.