Análise espacial da ocupação e transformação no entorno do Parque Ecológico Gunnar Vingren do município de Belém/Pa

Abstract

The process of human occupation in the surroundings of conservation areas has been a growing concern worldwide, especially in urban areas. The creation of conservation units has been a strategy used by governments to preserve biodiversity and ensure the quality of life of the population that depends on natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the process of occupation around the Gunnar Vingren Municipal Ecological Park (PEGV) in Belém, focusing on understanding the effectiveness of the objectives of the conservation unit and whether they are being achieved and fulfilling their social function for residents of the Marambaia and Val-de-Cans neighborhoods and the metropolitan region of Belém. In addition, we sought to analyze the spatial transformations that occurred in the PEGV in the years 1977, 1998, 2014, and 2022. To achieve these objectives, a literature review was carried out on the topic, and data from images from the selected years were collected, using the supervised classification technique to identify changes in the vegetation area and human activities that occurred around the park. The results indicate that, despite some areas having suffered environmental impacts, such as deforestation and urbanization, the total vegetation area in the conservation unit remained relatively constant over the years analyzed, even with a growth of approximately 7,222 hectares of urban area inside the park between 1998 and 2022. However, the PEGV is in a state of abandonment and urgently needs maintenance and monitoring by the responsible agency. These findings demonstrate the importance of implementing conservation units and adopting sustainable practices for environmental preservation. It is essential that public authorities invest in the maintenance and protection of existing conservation units, as well as in the creation of new protected areas, in order to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and the quality of life of people who depend on natural resources. The analysis of the changes that occurred in the area of the Ecological Park over time and its inclusion in the category of Integral Protection Conservation Unit, regulated by the SNUC, reinforces the need for investments in the maintenance and protection of protected areas and in the creation of new conservation units. These measures are essential to guarantee the conservation of biodiversity and the quality of life of people who depend on natural resources.