Caracterização física e química das sementes de andiroba (Carapa Guianensis) visando a extração do óleo

Abstract

The Amazon Region has a great diversity of forest species rich in bioactives, whose adequate exploitation helps in the sustainable and economic development of the region, from which oils are extracted that have great potential for the industries of cosmetics, pharmaceutical and energy potential for production of biofuels; Among this diversity of species, we highlight Carapa guianensis, popularly known as andiroba. The present work aimed to extract andiroba oil by the solvent extraction method, using the Goldfish fat extractor, using hexane as a solvent and the physicochemical characterization of the andiroba seed. The lipid content of the andiroba seed obtained in the present study using the Goldfish extraction method was 56.6%, a result considered satisfactory. The quality of the oil was determined through acidity analysis, which varied between 0.96 and 0.99 mg NaOH/g-1, with an average of 0.97 mg NaOH/g-1. The seed was characterized through analysis of moisture content, ash content, volatile materials and fixed carbon. These present respective values of 33.8%, 7.8%, 87.2% and 5%. The analysis of organic compounds in the oil and seed was carried out using infrared spectroscopy in which the andiroba seed has esters and alkane in its composition. While the oil presented in addition alkanes the tertiary alcohol and cyclopentanone, and did not present esters.