Levantamento florístico da arborização urbana no bairro Centro, do município de Ourém - Pa.

Abstract

In the urban planning process, afforestation has a special highlight, because related to the quality of life and aesthetics of the city, an appropriate afforestation brings benefits to the city, besides a strategy to mitigate adverse environmental aspects, the most visible benefits are the beautification and shading of local streets, temperature mitigation and CO2 capture. Thus the present study aimed to make a survey of the floristic composition and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the urban afforestation of the center neighborhood in Ourem - PA. Field work was carried out from June 26 to July 6, 2019, and all trees, shrubs and palm trees (palm trees) were measured and identified in all streets of the downtown eighborhood, where they were covered. seven sleepers, seven streets, one avenue and five squares, with the aid of a descriptive form. The data collected were: total tree height, first fork height, breast height diameter, distance from tree to curb and for construction, sidewalk and street width, plant growth area, physical conditions, regarding the electric network, the root system, plant health and mutilations (drastic pruning), and phenological aspects, from these data the recommendations were made. The identification of the species was made with the help of specific literature. Through the survey, 235 individuals were sampled, distributed in 16 species, belonging to 12 botanical families. Of the identified species, 20% are exotic and 80% are native species. The overall condition showed that 96.1% of the trees were fine or good or fair, while 3.8% were bad or dead. Conflicts with electrical wiring and sidewalk were 20% and 14%, respectively. The mechanical injuries found in the trees were the presence of lime, nail, rope, iron and knife, being the most frequent lime (31 individuals). Regarding the height of the first fork, 48.1% of the individuals fork below 1.80 m, and 39.3% of the trees recommended light pruning. Shannon's diversity index was 1.44 showing a low diversity index. The survey of afforestation allowed to know the distribution of individuals and how is the floristic heritage of the neighborhood in question, and it is considered that even without planning the afforestation is in accordance with some recommendations in the literature, being found, in general, few problems with the local afforestation.