Monitoramento Oficial de Influenza Aviária e Doença de Newcastle em aves de subsistência no Estado do Pará

Abstract

Brazil occupies a prominent position in the poultry sector due to the construction of solid foundations in genetics, nutrition, management and animal health. However, infectious diseases such as Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (NCD) continue to worry the government and the private sector. These viral diseases stand out for their high potential for dissemination, socioeconomic or public health consequences and impact on the international trade of birds and their by-products, making it therefore necessary to monitor them in commercial birds, migratory birds and subsistence birds. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out active surveillance for AI and NCD in backyard poultry farms, located close to the Migratory Bird Landing Site, in the State of Pará. A survey of the database of the Management of the State Poultry Health Program-GPESA of ADEPARÁ was carried out in the year 2022 and it was found that 496 samples of trachea and cloaca swabs and blood were collected from subsistence domestic birds created within a 10 km radius of the Migratory Bird Sites of Ilha do Marajó, Baía do Marajó and Salinópolis, located in the State of Pará, in the year 2022. The swabs were subjected to RT-qPCR tests for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, while the sera sent for serology by Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to search for antibodies against IA and DNC and Hemagglutinin Inhibition Test (HI) for IA. Of the samples evaluated, 1.41% (7/496) and 0.81% (4/496) were seropositive by the ELISA test for IA and DNC respectively. All samples positive by ELISA IA were negative when tested by HI for IA. All pools of tracheal and cloacal swabs were negative by RT qPCR for AI and DNC. Laboratory monitoring demonstrated the absence of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus and seropositivity for NCD in subsistence birds in the State of Pará. In this way, monitoring collaborated and contributed to the demands and guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, for the maintenance of the national health status of Free for these diseases and control in the spread of these diseases.