Desenvolvimento de frutos em açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea MART.) do tipo violáceo

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit development in Euterpe oleracea Mart. of the violet type, aiming at guiding crop and management planning, in natural populations and in commercial scale crops. For that, ten açai palms were marked in full reproductive phase in an experimental area of Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belém, PA. In each plant a bract close to maturation was marked between February, March and April of 2018. At the time of the fecundation of the flowers, 10 scrapes in each inflorescence were selected at random and one flower per scrape was added, totalizing 100 flowers, weekly, until November 2018. The evaluated characteristics were: days after pollination (DAP), transverse diameter (DT) and coloration. With the obtained data the number of days required for fruit maturation (DAP) was calculated; the means and the standard errors for the transverse diameter character (DT), besides the estimation of the growth curves of the fruits based on the logistic nonlinear model; and the hues for the color are identified. Different days were observed for fruit maturation, ranging from 140 days to 161 days, with a mean of 151.9 days. The transverse diameters ranged from 2.3 ± 0.33 to 15.16 ± 0.32 mm. While for the staining eleven shades were detected. Therefore, in the development of the fruits of Euterpe oleracea Mart. of the violet type there are changes in the size and color of the fruits. Based on the evaluated sample and the number of days after pollination, three classes of fruit maturation can be identified.