O Transporte florestal no estado do Pará, seus principais municípios de origem e os destinos da madeira em tora no ano de 2022

Abstract

South America is the continent that contains the most tropical forest area in the world. The northern region, specifically Pará, holds a large part of the Native Forest, which makes it a powerhouse of global logging activity. Due to its great presence in the market, it was possible to carry out na analysis using secondary data available for public consultation on the website of the State Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS); therefore, the GF1 (Forestry Guide) was considered as received. With the compilation of the analysis results, a study was developed on the transport of wood in logs in the State of Pará in the year 2022, with the aim of highlighting the 10 municipalities that generated the most GF1, as well as highlighting the quantity of forest guides issued and estimating the distance between the municipality of origin and destination. The existence of several modes of transport allows for a wide variation in transport logistics; however, the state of Pará mainly uses two modes, waterways and roads, which suit the region’s logistics. Road transport, still widely used for transporting logs in the state, requires a higher investment, as it requires periodic maintenance and relies on the structure of highways within municipalities. The waterway network used as much as the road network is limited to certain regions, requires a lower cost, as well as maintenance, and the only impasse is the climate that must be conducive to the transport of wood. In 2022, the state of Pará issued 54,634 forest guides with the status of received, divided into 5 mesoregions of the state (Southeast, Northeast, Marajó, Southwest, and Lower Amazonas). Among them, 10 municipalities stood out for the amount of GF1 issued, specifically 38,049 GF1. The municipalities highlighted were: Aveiro with 19% of the total, followed by Paragominas 17%, Prainha 13%, Portel 12%, Juruti 9%, Breu Branco 8%, Santarém 8%, Almeirim 6%, Novo Progresso with 5%, and Goianésia do Pará 3%. Pará obtained significant indices of emissions of forest guides for timber transportation. As a result, the municipalities of Almeirim, Santarém, Juruti, and Prainha had a large quantity of Forest Guides, with the average estimated distance traveled in a straight line of 963, 860, 825, 762, respectively.