Análise e caracterização da arborização no centro urbano do município de Santo Antônio do Tauá-Pa

Abstract

Urban afforestation is a fundamental practice to maintain the quality of life of the population, given the innumerable benefits generated, such as improvement of the microclimate, shading, and reduction of noise pollution, among others. Proper maintenance of these trees is essential to preserve all these benefits. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze and characterize the urban afforestation of Santo Antônio do Tauá - PA. The research was carried out in the urban center of the county, by means of an inventory of the species present in the afforestation. The species with height equal or superior to 1 meter, located in the squares, beds and sidewalks were considered. The information was recorded in a descriptive file that contained information such as: origin and family of the species, total height, height of the first bifurcation, general condition, types of mechanical injuries, tree size and recommended actions. A total of 385 individuals were evaluated, distributed to 23 families and 46 species, and the results showed that the families with the highest number of individuals were Arecaceae, Fabaceae and Bignoniaceae, where Senna siamea was the species with the highest relative frequency, 14.03%, followed by Mangifera indica, 12.99% and Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, 11.69%. Native species represented 33% and exotic species 66%. The general condition showed that 97.9% of the trees were in the optimal, good or regular state, while 1.4% were bad or dead; 87.8% of the sidewalks were without root outcrops and the remaining 12.2% had some type of interference. Conflicts with electrical wiring and buildings were 18.2% and 20.5%, respectively. The mechanical injuries found in the trees were whitewash, iron nail, rope, iron and knife, with lime being more frequent (46.2%). Regarding the total height of individuals, 74.5% were small, 20.6% were medium-sized and 4.9% were large. As for the height of the first bifurcation, 40.8% of the individuals bifurcated below 1.80 m. Regarding the recommended actions, 43.5% of the individuals needed light pruning or correction, while 11.6% needed some type of maintenance (control, replacement or repair of damages), while 44.8% of individuals don’t needed. Therefore, it is considered that even without planning, in certain parameters the urban tree planting of Santo Antônio do Tauá follows according to the recommendations in the literature.