Composição florística, diversidade e estrutura de florestas ombrófilas densas em áreas de projeto de desenvolvimento local nas PEAEX Acangatá e Camarapi, Portel, Pará

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the floristic composition, diversity and horizontal structure in dense rainforests in the Local Development Projects of Glebas (PEAEX) Acangatá and Alto Camarapí, in the municipality of Portel, Pará. The research was conducted based on a forest inventory carried out in Work Units (UT) of 100 hectares, distributed in the two studied plots. All tree individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 25 cm were measured. The phytosociological parameters analyzed included frequency, density, and absolute and relative dominance, in addition to the Importance Value Index (IVI) and the Shannon-Weaver Index for assessing floristic diversity. The georeferenced location of the trees, the quality of the stem, and the presence of lianas were also recorded for a better understanding of the forest structure. A total of 131 species distributed in 34 families were identified, with emphasis on Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae, and Lecythidaceae. Floristic diversity was considered high, with Shannon Index values of 3.67 for Acangatá and 3.74 for Alto Camarapí, indicating well-preserved forests. The phytosociological analysis highlighted the ecological and economic importance of species such as Chrysophyllum sp., Vouacapoua americana, and Eschweilera odorata, which presented high IVIs. The results reinforce the need for sustainable management practices and reduced-impact exploitation to ensure forest conservation and the economic viability of the region, providing technical support for public policies aimed at managing forest resources and sustainable development.