Mapeamento digital para o desenvolvimento sustentável: Uso de geotecnologias no planejamento urbano de Marapanim – Pa

Abstract

Geotechnologies are essential for urban planning, particularly in municipalities lacking spatial data, such as Marapanim-PA. The absence of updated cartographic bases, combined with precarious urban infrastructure and unregulated growth, hinders the formulation of effective governmental actions. This study analyzed the application of resources such as georeferencing and aerial photogrammetry with Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAs) to produce high-precision spatial data. Orthophotos with a resolution of 5 cm/pixel and digital terrain models were generated and used for spatial analysis of the municipal headquarters. The results enabled the identification and precise vectorization of various urban indices, revealing that 30.26% of the area is occupied by buildings, 16.99% by arboreal vegetation, and 53.11% by open areas, indicating patterns of disorderly occupation and a deficit of green spaces. The results achieved demonstrated high positional accuracy, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.042 m horizontally and 0.085 m vertically, meeting the criteria established by INCRA Normative Instruction No. 2/2010 and ABNT NBR 14166:2020. These products provide practical applications, such as support for land regularization, better allocation of public investments, and mitigation of environmental risks, contributing directly to the efficiency of decision-making processes and strengthening sustainable territorial development. The integration between Geographic Information Systems (GIS), digital cartography, and public administration appears as a strategic solution for strengthening sustainable territorial development, especially in Amazonian municipalities facing challenges similar to those of Marapanim.