Análise multitemporal das transformações no uso e ocupação do solo e seus impactos ambientais no município de Viseu-Pa

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the multitemporal transformations in land use and land cover in the municipality of Viseu, Pará, investigating the environmental impacts resulting from agricultural expansion, unplanned urbanization, and mining activities, particularly in the Serra do Piriá region. The research was conducted in Viseu, a municipality in the northeastern region of the state of Pará, characterized by intense economic activity and significant territorial transformations over recent decades. To achieve the proposed objectives, the study employed a methodology based on remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, integrating data from the MapBiomas platform (Collection 9) and satellite images from Landsat (Landsat 5 and Landsat 8). The image processing, performed using ArcMap 10.8 software, included the application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to measure vegetation health and density, allowing for the analysis of three distinct temporal intervals: from 1985 to 1995, from 2005 to 2015, and an approach focusing on the year 2023. The sampling consisted of quantifying the areas corresponding to different land use and land cover classes, such as forest, agriculture, shrub and herbaceous vegetation, water bodies, and non-vegetated areas, enabling a historical comparison of changes in the territory. The results showed a significant reduction in forest cover, decreasing from 435,997 hectares in 1985 to 290,042 hectares in 2023, representing an accumulated loss of 33.49%, linked to a substantial increase in areas allocated to agriculture, which expanded by more than 311%. Additionally, there was an observed increase in urbanized areas and variations in water body coverage, reflecting the cumulative pressure of human activities on ecosystems. This pressure results in habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, and alterations in hydrological cycles. In conclusion, the transformations in land use and land cover in Viseu demonstrate intense anthropogenic pressure, underscoring the urgency of implementing strategies and public policies for sustainable management and integrated territorial planning, capable of balancing economic development with environmental conservation and the restoration of degraded areas.