Dinâmica do uso e cobertura do solo em áreas de mineração de bauxita em Oriximiná (PA).

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover in the municipality of Oriximiná (PA), with emphasis on transitions associated with bauxite mining activity, using data from the MapBiomas Project for the period from 1985 to 2024. For this purpose, annual images from MapBiomas Collection 10 were processed in Google Earth Engine and QGIS to classify 30 legends into six categories (Forest, Herbaceous and Shrub Vegetation, Agriculture, Mining, Water Bodies, Other Non-Vegetated Areas). Transition matrices crossed classes in initial and final years, allowing calculation of gain, loss, and persistence indicators. It was verified that the initial area of the Forest class was 63,922.02 ha and decreased to 54,505.27 ha, a reduction of 14.73%, while Mining grew from 740.70 ha to 11,538.52 ha (1,457.78%). Thematic maps and diagrams showed unidirectional expansion of mining, fragmentation of forest corridors, and emergence of temporary water bodies in mining areas. Spatial analysis showed acceleration of extraction from 2005 onwards and consolidation in 2024. These patterns corroborate studies that point to mining as the main vector of deforestation in the Amazon, with minimal natural regeneration. Bauxite mining in Oriximiná exerts profound impact on the landscape, requiring continuous monitoring, rigorous mine closure plans, and long-term restoration strategies to mitigate forest cover loss and restore ecological connectivity.