Simulação de rompimento de bacia de rejeito de mineração no município de Barcarena/Pa

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in population and its urban occupation disorderly, especially close to attractive employment centers, such as industrial and mining regions, the population has taken up housing in inadequate areas. An example of these areas are the slopes of the hills and in the rivers banks downstream of dams, generating a risk in cases of rupture of these structures. Dam Break studies have long been restricted to few users, because of the need for powerful computers. With the technological advances in hardware and software and the emergence of free modeling programs, this technology has become more accessible. In this context, the idea of this paper was to elaborate a methodology of Dam Break that is accessible to common users, for that it was used a remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPA), in order to obtain images with high resolution and data topographic surveys from aerophotogrammetric restitution at a lower cost, and mathematical simulation of dam break to predict the flood spot in the case of hypothetical disruption with free software use. The study was carried out in the Basin 3 dam of the Imerys mining company, located in the district of Vila do Conde in the city of Barcarena-PA, because it is a low-risk dam with high associated potential damage (DPA) due to the presence of Mucurupi community alongside this dam. For this purpose, the RPA Mavic pro 2 was used to make the aerophotographical survey of the area, in conjunction with obtaining GNSS points, these data were used for the production of the surface and orthostatic digital model of the study area. In the Agisoft Photoscan software, and correction in the software ENVI, and Topcon Tools. The rupture model was generated based on the digital surface model, and in the shapefiles of the flow axis and section of the flow axis, the last two being designed in the free GIS tool, QGis. In the results it was verified that, in case of disruption, the Mucurupi community will be affected by the tailings wave, as well as the body of water located in the region. Therefore, it is concluded that in case of rupture of the studied dam the local population is at risk, which is intensified by the lack of an alert system.